Table 2 Neuroprotective drugs in clinical development for MS
From: Neuroprotective therapies for multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases
Drug | Company | Type of compound | MoA summary | Route of administration | Phase | CT.org |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KPT-350 | Karyopharm Therapeutic | Small molecule - Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) | Antioxidant Neuroprotection | Oral | Preclinical | N/A |
NDC-1308 | ENDECE Neural | Small molecule Estradiol analog | Neuroprotection Remyelination | N/A | Preclinical | N/A |
Methylthioadenosine | Digna Biotech | Metabolite | Methyltransferases modulator Neuroprotection Remyelination | Oral | Preclinical | N/A |
NRP2945 | CuroNZ | Peptide | Neuroprotection | N/A | Preclinical | N/A |
ER agonist | Karo Bio AB | Smal chemicals | Estrogen Receptor beta agonist Neuroprotection | N/A | Preclinical | N/A |
VX15/2503 | Vaccinex | mAb - anti-semaphorin 4D | Anti-SEMA4D Neuroprotection Remyelination | Intravenous | Phase 1 | NCT01764737 |
RNS60 | Revalesio | Physically-Modified Saline | Immunomodulation Neuroprotection | Intravenous | Phase 2 | NCT01714089 |
GNbAC1 | GeNeuro | mAb First-in-Class | Immunomodulation Remyelination | Intravenous | Phase 2a | NCT01639300 |
TRO19622 Olesoxime | Trophos SA | Small chemical | Antioxidant | Oral | Phase 1 | NCT01808885 |
BIIB0033 - Anti-LINGO1 | Biogen Idec | mAb | LINGO-1 antagonist Remyelination Neuroprotection | Intravenous | Phase 2 Phase 2 | NCT01864148 NCT01721161 |
rHIgM22 | Acorda Therapeutics | mAb - Recombinant human IgM | Remyelination | Intravenous | Phase 1 | NCT01803867 |
MN-166 Ibudilast | MediciNova | Small molecule | Immunomodulation Neuroprotection | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT01982942 |
RGN-352 | RegeneRx | Peptide | Neuroprotection Remyelination | N/A | N/A | N/A |
EGCG - Epigallocatechin-gallate | Generic | Green tea extract (Polyphenon E) | Anti-oxidant | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT00525668 NCT01451723 |
Lamotrigine | GlaxoSmithKline | Small chemical | Sodium channel modulator Neuroprotection | Oral | Oral | NCT01879527 |
Phenitoin | Generic | Small chemical | Sodium channel modulator Neuroprotection | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT01451593 |
MRF-008 Guanabenz | Myelin Repair Foundation | Small chemical | Alpha agonist of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor Remyelination | Oral | Phase 1 | NCT02423083 |
Clemastine | Generic | Small chemical | Remyelination | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT02040298 |
BAF312 | Novartis | Small chemical - Siponimod | S1P1 antagonist Neuroprotection | Oral | Phase 2 RRMS Phase 3 SPMS | NCT00879658 |
Amiloride | Generic | Small chemical | Sodium channel modulator | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT01910259 |
BN201 | Bionure | Small chemical | Neurotrophin agonist Neuroprotection | Intravenous | Phase 1 | N/A |
Erythropietin | Generic | Human recombinant protein | Trophic factor Neuroprotection | Intravenous | Phase 3 | NCT01962571 |
GSK1223249 – Ozanezumab | GlaxoSmithKline | mAb | Anti-Nogo-A Axonal regeneration | Intravenous | Phase 2 | NCT01435993 |
Diazoxide | Generic | Small chemical | Potassium channel opener & mitochondrial channel modulator | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT01428726 |
Minocycline | Generic | Small chemical | Anti-apoptotic & anti-oxidant | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT01073813 |
Riluzole | Generic | Small chemical | Sodium channel and NMDA modulator | Oral | Phase 2 | NCT00501943 |
MD1003 - Biotin | Generic | Vitamin | Carboxylases coenzyme (acetylCoA carboxylase) Remyelination | Oral | Phase 3 | NCT02220933 |
BG12 - Dimethyl Fumarate | Biogen Idec | Metabolite | Anti-oxidant hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 agonist | Oral | Approved | NCT00420212 |
FTY720 - Fingolimod | Novartis | Small chemical | S1P1 and S1P5 antagonist neuroprotection | Oral | Approved | NCT00355134 |