Table 7 Factors related to the risk of developing MS in children and adolescents

Langer-Gould et al.

n. 75, MS onset < 18 years

BMI

- Overweight x 1.58

- Moderately obese x 1.78

- Extremely obese x 3.76

Mikaeloff et al.

n.90, MS onset 10 to <16 years

Passive smoking

x 2.49

Banwell et al.

n. 49, MS onset < 16 years

Remote EBV infection

x 2.58

Waubant et al.

n. 189, MS onset < 18 years

Remote EBV infection

x 3.72

Disanto et al.

n. 64, MS onset < 16 years

≥1 HLA-DRB1 alleles

x 3.2

McDonald et al.

n. 170, MS onset < 18 years

Salt intake

No effect

Banwell et al.

n. 63, MS onset < 16 years

Vitamin D increase + 10 nmol/L

10% reduction

Monry et al.

n. 110, MS onset ≤ 18 years

Vitamin D increase + 10 nmol/L

30% reduction

Waubant et al.

n. 189, MS onset < 18 years

VCM seropositivity

73% reduction