Disease modifying treatments and symptomatic drugs for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: where do we stand?

Niccolai, Claudia; Goretti, Benedetta; Amato, Maria Pia

doi:10.1186/s40893-017-0025-3

Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders

Table 1 Overview of the main studies on symptomatic treatments for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

From: Disease modifying treatments and symptomatic drugs for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: where do we stand?

Authors, year	Drug	Number treated	Design	Duration	Cognitive results
Geisler et al., 1996 [31]	Amantadine, pemoline	16	DB, PC, RCT	6 weeks	No improv.
Moller et al., 2011 [32]	Modafinil	62	DB, PC, RCT	8 weeks	No improv.
Lange et al., 2009 [52]	Modafinil	8	DB, PC, RCT	8 weeks	Improvement
Stankoff et al., 2005 [53]	Modafinil	59	DB, PC, RCT	5 weeks	No improv.
Wilken et al., 2008 [33]	Modafinil	23	Randomized, evaluator blind	4 months	Improvement
Bruce et al., 2012 [34]	Armodafinil	16	DB, PC, CO	1 week	Improvement
Ford-Johnson et al., 2016 [35]	Modafinil	16	DB, CO	5 weeks	Improvement
Shaygannejad et al. [38]	Rivastigmine	30	DB, PC, RCT	12 weeks	No improvement
Parry et al., 2003 [36]	Rivastigmine	10	OLT	4–6 weeks	Improvement
Cader et al., 2009 [37]	Rivastigmine	15	CO, SB	4–6 weeks	No improv.
Krupp et al., 2004 [39]	Donepezil	35	DB, PC, RCT	24 weeks	Improvement
Krupp et al., 2011 [40]	Donepezil	61	DB, PC, RCT	24 weeks	No Improv.
Lovera et al., 2010 [41]	Memantina	58	DB, PC, RCT	16 weeks	No improv.
Villoslada et al., 2009 [54]	Memantina	19	DB, PC, CO	12 months	No improv.
Peyro Saint Paul et al., 2016 [42]	Memantina	50	DB, PC, PG, RCT	52 weeks	No improv.
Benedict et al., 2008 [43]	l-amphetamine	19	Counterbalanced, within-subject	4x single doses	Improvement
Morrow et al., 2009 [44]	l-amphetamine	108	DB, PC, RCT	4 weeks	No improv.
Sumowki et al., 2011 [45] (re-analysis of 66)	l-amphetamine	108	DB, PC, RCT	4 weeks	Improvement
Harel et al., 2009 [46]	Methylphenidate	14	DB, PC, RCT	Single dose	Improvement
Lovera et al., 2007 [55]	Ginkgo biloba	20	DB, PC, RCT	12 weeks	No improv.
Lovera et al., 2012 [56]	Ginkgo biloba	61	DB, PC, RCT	12 weeks	No improv.
Johnson et al., 2006 [57]	Ginkgo biloba	12	DB, PC, PG	4 weeks	Improvement variable responses
Magnin et al., 2015 [48]	Fampridine	50	OLT	4 weeks	Improvement
Pavsic et al., 2015 [49]	Fampridine	30	OLT	4 weeks	No improv.
Jensen et al., 2014 [50]	Fampridine	108	OLT	26–28 days	Improvement
Romero et al., 2015 [47]	Cannabis	20	PG	Single dose	No improv.

DB double blind, PC placebo controlled, RCT randomized controlled trial, CO crossover, SB single blind, OLT open label trial, PG parallel group

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