Fig. 1

Iconographic representation of Escalation and Induction Strategies. a ESCALATION: Escalation therapy consists of early start of first-line DMDs. If first line DMDs are ineffective or partially effective, on-going therapy is switched to second-line drugs. b INDUCTION: Induction therapy supports the early use of immunosuppressive drugs followed by long-term maintenance treatment, generally with the use of immunomodulatory agents