Table 1 Negative Prognostic factors in naïve MS patients [12]

Clinical Feature

Demographics

• Male sex

• Older age (> 40 years) at onset

Relapse severity

• ≥1-point change on EDSS, ≥2-point change on any individual functional system, or ≥ 1-point change on any two functional systems

• Steroid requirement

• Hospitalization

Relapse frequency

• Frequent relapses in the first 2 years

• Short time interval between relapses

Disease Course

• Rapid increase of disability (e.g EDSS score ≥ 4) in 12 months

MRI charatersitics

• High T2 lesion load

• More than two gadolinium-enhancing lesions

• Presence of T1 lesions (‘black holes’)

• Infratentorial lesions